![]() (induced direct defense), and by emitting a specific blend of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that attract the carnivorous natural enemies of herbivores (induced indirect defense). In response to herbivory, plants start to defend themselves against herbivores by producing toxins, repellents, antinutritives, etc. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Ĭompeting interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.įunding: This work was financially supported in part by the Global COE Program A06 of Kyoto University, and by a research grant for Exploratory Research on Sustainable Humanosphere Science from the Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University. Received: ApAccepted: AugPublished: October 12, 2011Ĭopyright: © 2011 Muroi et al. PLoS ONE 6(10):Įditor: Frederic Marion-Poll, AgroParisTech, France (2011) The Composite Effect of Transgenic Plant Volatiles for Acquired Immunity to Herbivory Caused by Inter-Plant Communications. Altogether, these data suggest that transgenic-plant-emitted volatiles can enhance the ability to prime indirect defenses via both plant-plant and plant-plant-plant communications.Ĭitation: Muroi A, Ramadan A, Nishihara M, Yamamoto M, Ozawa R, Takabayashi J, et al. More intriguingly, VOCs emitted from infested VOCos-receiver plants affected their conspecific neighboring plants to prime indirect defenses in response to herbivory. ![]() In a greenhouse experiment, we also found that lima bean plants (VOCos-receiver plants) placed near NtOS2 were more attractive when damaged by spider mites, in comparison to the infested plants that had been placed near the wild-type plants. This was similarly observed when the NtOS2-downwind maize plants were infested with Mythimna separata larvae, resulting in reduced larval growth and greater attraction of parasitic wasps ( Cotesia kariyai). When lima bean plants that had previously been placed downwind of NtOS2 in an open-flow tunnel were infested by spider mites, they were more defensive to spider mites and more attractive to predatory mites, in comparison to the infested plants that had been placed downwind of wild-type tobacco plants. ![]() ![]() We therefore investigated, under both laboratory and greenhouse conditions, the priming of defense responses in plants (lima bean and corn) by exposing them to transgenic-plant-volatiles (VOCos) including ( E)-β-ocimene, emitted from transgenic tobacco plants (NtOS2) that were constitutively overexpressing ( E)-β-ocimene synthase. These effects may provide insights useful for pest control achieved with transgenic-plant-emitted volatiles. A blend of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from plants induced by herbivory enables the priming of defensive responses in neighboring plants. ![]()
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